Home Content Chapter 4 Thai Version STOCKHOLM DECLARATION
of the United Nations Conference
on the Human Environment1
(Stockholm, 16 June 1972). . .
Principle 1. Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality that permits a life of dignity and well-being, and he bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generation. In this respect, policies promoting or perpetuating apartheid, racial segregation, discrimination, colonial and other forms of oppression and foreign domination stand con-demned and must be eliminated.
Principle 2. The natural resources of the earth, including the air, water, land flora and fauna and especially representative samples of natural eco-systems, must be safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations through careful planning or management, as appropriate.
. . .
Principle 21. States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policie, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the linits of national jurisdiction.
Principle 22. States shall co-operate to develop further the international law regarding liability and compensation for the victims of pollution and other environmental damage caused by activities within the jurisdiction or control of such States to areas beyond their jurisdiction.
. . . 1 U.N. Doc. A/CONF. 48/14 (1972); reprinted in (1972) 11 I.L.M. 1416. Back
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